Which family ranks second to Asteraceae in terms of number of species?

The Fabaceae family, commonly known as the legume or pea family, indeed ranks second to Asteraceae in terms of the number of species. This family is highly diverse, encompassing legumes such as beans, lentils, peas, and clovers, contributing significantly to global biodiversity. The evolution of legumes contributes to their extensive variety, adapted to diverse environments, which elevates their species count.

This family is not only significant in ecological terms due to its role in nitrogen fixation, improving soil fertility, and thus supporting various ecosystems, but also has great economic importance in agriculture and horticulture. The high number of species found within the Fabaceae family underscores its vital role in food security and sustainable agriculture.

In comparison to Fabaceae, the other families listed have fewer species. While Poaceae, the grass family, is also very diverse, it does not surpass the sheer number of species found in the legume family. Brassicaceae, known for crops like broccoli and cabbage, and Cupressaceae, which includes many conifer species, are notably less diverse than Fabaceae. Thus, Fabaceae's ranking is firmly established as second after Asteraceae due to its rich diversity and ecological significance.